Pruimen

Plums in the garden: species, pruning, planting, fertilizing, harvesting, diseases

Plum tree (Prunus)
Species:Altesse Simple, Anna Späth, Avalon, Belle de Thuin, Bleue de Belgique, Early Laxton, Elena, Cape plum, Mirabelle de Metz, Opal, Prune the Prince, Queen Victoria, Reine Claude, Ruth Barley Etter, Sainte Catherine, St. Katrien, Valor , Violetta, Wignon ...
Prunus ---> - Belongs to the Rosaceae subfamily with the stone fruits. The plum tree is a close relative of our apricot.The plum varieties are mainly derived from the Asian region and Japan, China and Southern Russia.
Classification of types: Ordinary plums, Japanese plums, Mirabelle, sugar plums (Reine plums), or myrobalan plum, plum hurt.
Plums are monoecious early bloomers that are pollinated by insects. Another plum tree that was planted in the neighborhood, always ensuring a better fruit set. Note simultaneous dilations at planting, you put together the right kinds. Warm dry days leading to good fertilization relative humidity and freezing temperatures.
Method of planting:Stem low, half-standard, tall.
Rootstock:

    Low stemmed varieties are bred and half tribe of Saint Julien A.
    The tall varieties are then grafted on the type of Brompton.
Location:Well tolerate sun to partial shade. Well-drained soils are recommended with a neutral pH. Can still slightly alkaline. Too high pH values ​​often lead to deficiencies in the soil such as manganese and iron deficiency.
The best planting occurred about November to March. November Plantations provide a better success rate of regrowth.
Distances:

    Tribal Layer: up to 4 meters away from.
    Half Tribes: up to 6 meters spaced.
    Strains high: up to 10 meters spacing.
Construction of the tree:This tree is usually placed at four branches constitution, as it usually has such enormous dimensions. They must then be distributed around the trunk. (Not from a point on the trunk of view). -> Inevitably leads to tearing of fruiting!
At first we put the steep batches from a wider until we "crown" to obtain. This will make light and air into the top left, which later will be of great importance for the fruit. Weaker stems are bent, if they have not had to stand flat.
Central leader or tribe is in stone fruit cut back to fourth.By the severe pruning back the outward buds will grow stronger. (The correct pruning branches readily accessible than a length of 1 to 2 meters).
Note competing modes near the central leader, they are irrevocably pruned to 10 cm high and then tied to the normal central leader.
Pruning:Plum Boots can 1 to 2 times per year to be pruned, depending on the purpose. The best time for this is from from April to September. Note: pruning in the winter periods can lead to death!
When pruning a slight let's stump are also sometimes called a targeted rate.
We especially pruning suckers, broken branches, dead branches, inward growing branches, storage and steep branches.
We then reduce to low hanging fruit in wood.
Try always possible to disinfect tools to work with a well set and knife, or saw or shears. That the wounds as small as possible. The tearing of the bark is otherwise inevitable and can provide appropriate diseases or fungi. Wound mounting media such as cold or hot grafting wax is vital. Reine Victoria is particularly sensitive. (Galena Disease).
Summer allows for pruning:Here we pay attention mainly to strong growth rugscheuten not lignified, these cuts we are completely gone. Like carrot storage should be as low as possible removed. Beware of root damage, otherwise they lead to more basal shoots.
Neglected trees can be pruned, with a new building years.
What we should notice is the pruning of fruit on year old wood, this should never happen all at once, otherwise the trunk will be bald. Bare branches leading to sensitization of strong sunshine!
A simple lighting makes all the way for stronger pruning new shoots, especially on the backs of the remaining branches.
Fertilization:Organic fertilizers can be given in the spring, beautiful shoots and fruits to develop. A healthy shoot length of 20 cm per year is normal.If no regular fertilization is used, we obtain a weaker growth with smaller fruits as a result.Mulching can, but one must always keep plenty of space and distance from the rootstock.
Harvest:

    Make sure the fruit stem to pluck it, otherwise they dry out much faster and moldy.
    Just pick the ripe fruit, unripe plums will rot.
    Note that you do not branch with leaves or pieces afplukt, as these contain the fruit bags for offspring.
    There are too many immature plums were picked, one can still make jam.
    More than ever the rotten and fallen plums, these concerns only for fungi and insects, ...
Diseases:

hunger, disease, plum



Monilia

    Plum sawfly (especially in mature specimens).
    Made plums.
    Aphids and dopluis.
    Bladgalmijt.
    Pruimenmot.
    Wood beetles.
    Caterpillars.
    Plum Hunger Disease.
    Lead Gloss Mold.
    Bacterial cancers.
    Shothole.
    Moniliaschimmel sometimes called fruit rot.
    Smoke Grey.
    Leaf spot disease.
    Witches Broom Disease.
    Sapwood.
    Root Nematodes.
RGF: Resources Genetiques Fruitieres either relatively resistant varieties against fungal infections.
---> - This designation is important in your planting!

Pear Varieties

Popular pear varieties
The peer is closely related to the apple. It was the Romans who spread the fruits of Europe.You can flash divided into two categories: pears and pears. Pears ripen at room temperature after hand and then becoming softer and more tender. Pears you can not eat raw and are therefore more like a vegetable.
Popular pears:The most common type is the Conference pear. This slim, bronzed-green pear turns slightly yellow when mature. The juicy, sweet, white flesh with its delicate taste is more yellow as the fruit matures.The Doyenne du Comice pear is called the queen because of her white, juicy and very sweet taste. This pear has a yellow green color with a brownish red.The Durondeau, a typical autumn pear, is ideal as a cooking pear. The raw bronze skin turns gold when mature, the white flesh has a distinctive, slightly sharp taste.
Popular pears:

    Gieser Wildeman peer is the small brown and yellow with a lot of rust. It is a very good, slightly sweet pear with stone cells by grainy flesh. When red wine, the color red pear for cooking.
    Brederode peer is dull green with little rust and sun side to brown slightly red. The flesh is white and has a grainy sweetness.
Purchasing / QualityBuy pears are best when still firm. You can always go further pears ripen in the refrigerator. Pears must not have brown spots.
StoreYou can pears several days in the refrigerator or a cool place. Pears are about 1 week. To accelerate ripening, stop the pears in an opaque paper bag at room temperature.A pear is ripe when the fruit with a slight pressure around the stalk resists.
PrepareA ripe pear is fine to eat out of hand, the fruit was good for use.You can also peel the fruit and cut into sections. But beware: you do throw the peel away valuable fiber. Furthermore, peeled pears quickly turn brown, you can avoid them by sprinkling with a little lemon juice. You can eat a pear out of hand or cut into segments and then you remove the core. For use in food is the ideal conference.
Pears Hand fit at any time of day. Pears to be about 3-4 hours slowly cooked in water or red wine with a cinnamon stick and a piece of lemon peel. Peel pears and cook them whole or halved, depending on size. The pears fade to pink / red on cooking, this is caused by a natural process.
Nutritional / HealthEating a juicy sweet pear seems emotionally high in calories to produce. The sugar content of a pear is as high as that of the apple. a pear contains less fruit acids, so the sweeter taste like.

Pears, plums and cherries

Pears, plums and cherries

pears
Pears are known only as cultivated plants. They are closely related to apples, but they have more warmth and rooted deeper than apple trees. Therefore, well-drained, deep loose soil conditions for growing. Pears can be managed very well. Some pear varieties are familiar with the phenomenon years turn ': the one year they spend a lot more revenue than other years. This applies particularly to older varieties such as' Peer Jutte. There are hand and pears. "Supertrevoux 'is an early pear (harvest in August), big and juicy with a red blush. 'Beurre Hardy' is harvested in September, rust brown, large, tasty and very perishable. 'Bonne Louise d'Avranches' ​​ready for picking in late September, quite small, succulent, green with a red blush, and some time save costs. Real store varieties are 'Conference' (slender brownish green fruit, a good self-pollinator) and 'Doyenne du Comice' (tan, nice and juicy). Good pears are 'Gieser Wildeman' and 'Saint Rémy' (both red boiling). Harvest in October. Most pears bloom in April-May

Pears as pollinators
Pears also are the best fruits and different varieties can pollinate each other, but also by self-pollination the fruit is formed. That certainly never so always ask when you buy expert advice. Good combinations are:

1 'Supertrevoux' 2
2 "Conference 1 2 3 4
3 'Doyenne du Comice' April 2
4 'Gieser Wildeman' April 2

plums

 
Almost all plums are excellent pollinators themselves. So you have a tree to get enough fruit. But also ask advice from plums, for the pollination quality varies by race. Plums usually need more space. It can be quite large trees (of course depending on which is grafted to the rootstock). A beautiful old variety 'Yellow Kroos "that large numbers of small, yellow fruit is a great taste. 'Victoria' is a well known breed of chicken egg large, purple fruit. In this breed, the branches often be propped to avoid breaking, so heavy are the fruiting. 'Opal' shows small, tasty, yellow and purple fruits. This is an early variety: July-August harvest. 'Anna Späth' is a late variety (ready for picking in October) with blue-red, fairly large fruit. A variety of high yield 'Czar' (ripe in August). This is very fresh tasting purple-blue fruits that look somewhat hurt. Hurt the well-known firm, fleshy plums who works in the tutti frutti bakpruim be processed and applied. They are ready for harvesting from August to September. A good variety is' Italian Hurt. 'Reine Claude Verte' is the familiar green plum with special taste.

cherries

There are many groups of cherries, but in general there are two main groups: sweet cherries and sour cherries or sour cherries. Sweet cherries can fertile soil to grow large trees, although the number of races remaining smaller increases. And they need cross pollination. So a tree is not enough, unless you opt for a 'duoboom' where branches of different varieties are grafted on a rootstock. Good varieties of sweet cherries include 'Early Rivers', an early, brown cherry (ripe in June) and' Schneiders Splash Knorpelkirsche '(reddish brown, July), "Inspector Löhnis' is deep red fruit (harvest in July), the Wine Cherry "is ready for picking in July. It's a nice dark brown cherry. Very special is the "Meikers' which is a cross between sweet and sour cherries. The red fruits of which are harvested in June-July and it's a good self-pollinator less heavy demands on the soil where it grows. Sour cherries are excellent pollinators themselves. They do not carry on the old, but solid year-old wood and therefore should be pruned with the added advantage that the smaller trees remain. Good varieties are 'Kelleriis Nr. 16 'and' Morel '. The fruits are harvested from July to August.

pruning pear trees

Pruning pear tree (Pyrus communis)
Pear tree (Pyrus communis)
Scientific name: Pyrus communis L. (Pyrus domestica Medik.)
Origin: possible origins of Central - Asia Minor - Asia, Caucasus, ...
Family:order of Rosales, suborder RosineaeFamily: Rosaceaesubfamily: Pomoïdeae.
types: Berga Motte Esper, Beurre Alexandre Lucas Beurre d'Amanlis, Buerre Clairgeau, Beurre Diel, Contesse de Paris Conference, Dr. Lucius, Doyenne du Comice, Joan of Arc, Madame Favre, Petersbirne, Peroce the Trévoux, Princess Marianne, Winterlonchen ...
Flowering and pollination: pollination, usually by a different species are planted nearby. The species are dependent on the tree that you want to fertilize.
Fact: pears tend to deliver parthenocarpische fruiting. These are fruit-less embryos formed without fertilization.
pear blossom flowering period: between mid April - mid May
Mutations have led to better and bigger fruits.Second bloom in May end -> remove flowers, offer less risk of fire blight.
Tip: late developers generally have fewer problems with frost, which offers more chances of success for good fruit. (Or more likely to fire blight).
Harvest: Fruits ripen in August and September, depending on the species.Pick the Pears by them quietly to lift and separate them from the stem of the branches. Pears to never pull it down.
Pear take much longer than an apple tree before their first fruit. (Not until their fourth or sixth year in their place)
Trees can sometimes about 100 years old.
Method of planting: stock options are low, half-standard and tall.
---> Possibility espaliered forms.
Sometimes also called on southern facades of houses planted.
Rootstock breeding:
• the best breeding or grafting is best done by following types:
---> Beurre Hardy, Beurre d'Amanlis, Duchess Elsa, Joan of Arc, Le Brun, Comtesse de Paris, Doyenne du Comice.
• the weak to avoid vaccinations are:
---> Buerre Clairgeau, Docteur Jules Guyot, Doyenne d'Hiver, Durendeau ...
Tip: This may well inoculations or finishes may be made provided between the stem.
Strains resistant to frost layer should be, can in turn best be grafted onto a rootstock of the quince.
Diploid / triploid: diploid = each cell contains 2 copies of chromosomes in accordance with each other. Including 1 from the male plant and one of the female plant. These are best for fertilizer and other species' pollen suppliers ".
Triploid varieties are less suitable.
= triploid plants of these species have 3 set of chromosomes and are sterile species with low pollen, this inevitably leads to bad fruit.
So it's good to know what type of tree you have planted a good fertilization true.
Location: a sunny spot to partial shade is good for the pear tree.
Respect a north - south direction, which ensures maximum light for the crown. Sun provides a lot of good for less sugar and then fungal diseases.
Soil: medium heavy soils and because of the similarities with the apple, he also tolerate slightly acid soils. A neutral pH value and good drainage are paramount.
A compound organic fertilizer can be given.
Mulching: Can be done once a year to a reasonable distance from the trunk or.
The planting: and this can be done from October to March. Always take into account possible frost periods.
If you purchase 2 year old container trees, there are on the whole system a few branches. These are left to feel after the next winter.
Then in March, not "kopgroeiers" 50 cm pruning (rechtaf) against the highest implanted twig. Pruning in the entire shoot kopgroeiers road to a possible lower branch. Then shortened it to a 10 cm length zijtwijg.
---> Zijhout Bending down to 60 ° from central leader (central branch),
---> Steep twigs are implanted completely pruned away.
Distance: respect the spacing depending on the strain selection.
---> Keep this in account espaliered forms.
· Low strain: 1.5 m to 2 m spacing.
· Half tribe: ranges from 5 to 6 m spacing.
· Tall: ranging from 8 to 10 m spacing.
Pruning: is from December to March.
pay particular attention:
· Dead branches ---> prune.
° steep branches ---> prune or wedge with softwood
· Branches that cross ---> prune (barns v / d branches leading to wounds ---> disease).
° to the central leader converging branches to remove.
° downwards growing fruiting wood ---> Delete ---> receives no sun!
· Pruning always with one eye facing out (crown) and the air and light to the chance in the crown.
How do we proceed to build fruiting wood?
---> Just the first year twigs leave year, then next year the mixed buttons trim and remove the one-year end.
After three years the fruit we cut wood to a "stump", after which the next year will provide many smaller fruits. (More later).
Further, your third year to prune back of the head.
Try as many flowers and fruit or to remove and set it up to a maximum of 1 or 2 pears per cluster.
Been pruned branches can be used (if the tree is at rest), to return to graft them in places you'd like. These branches are then in a refrigerator in a wet cloth in a plastic wrapped against evaporation. The placement of the graft happens when the sap is running full back. This to the graft as much as possible the chance to save well.
Tip: you can make hot or cold grafting wax to seal the wounds, but with perfect pruning wound healing periods occurred naturally.
Grafting wax covers, but fungi can also be well below comfortable with the necessary consequences.
Diseases: perenbladpopziekte (is formed by the perenbladgalmijt (Phytoptus pyri - Epitrimerus pyri). ---> Spraying is necessary.
fire blightfire blight

Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora): bacterial rot disease in consequence of the flowers and stems. Disease is established by bumblebees that the disease transferring the white hawthorn.
Bacteria Cancer: Mortality of leaf and flower shoots due to Pseudomonas syringae bacteria.
Zwartrot: Fungus "Stemphylium vesicarium" focuses on leaves and fruit, these are black and rotting.
Note: Fungal infections spread by spores, including the fallen leaves! This we can not improve the compost process!
Interesting facts: Pickets for tying up the pear tree are first before we put the tree in the hole locations. Best neoprene or rubber is used to attach the tree to the pole. Left work around the tree and pole barns to avoid during gusts. This leads to other injuries that occur can cause infections.See also the graft a good 15 cm above the ground, as these infections and other causes sprawl.

Pepino melon or pear

Pepino melon or pear - Solanum muricatum Aiton
Pepino melon or pear
INTRODUCTIONPepino, Solanum muricatum Aiton, belongs to the Solanaceae or nightshade family like tomato, eggplant, potatoes and peppers. Pepino originated in the Andes and was already known by the Indians. It has long been a cultivated plant in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru and are also grown in New Zealand.
Melo Pears are the fruit of Solanum muricatum to 90 cm high and 70 cm wide can be. Sometimes also called the melon pear melon apple. The alternately arranged, green, soft leaves are oblong and up to 15 cm long and contrast beautifully with the flowers and fruits. During the flowering period in early May to September, the focused clusters witpaars striped, autogamous flowers in the leaf axils.
In the conservatory you should bear in mind that fruit set is optimal at temperatures between 18 and 27 ° C. At temperatures above 30 ° C, much lower fruit set. In late June the first fruits appear. These berries are round to oval and are 12 cm long with a diameter of 8 cm. The fruits are green, but will eventually purple stripes and spots like the flowers. Like tomatoes ripen the fruit is best to plant in full sun. The pepino is ripe when the fruit springs along with a gentle finger pressure. The ripe fruits yellow with purple stripes and colors weighing 150-500 grams.
FRESH FRUITFrom August, the first fruits harvest ripe and ready to eat.The melon pear has a fairly thin skin and very juicy. The fruit rich in vitamin C (35 mg per 100 g) and sweet, pale yellow flesh. The subtle flavor is reminiscent of a blend of pear and melon. The fruit can uitlepelen but they are also delicious in salad or processed into jam. Furthermore, the refreshing fruit coulis also suitable for sorbets. The fragrant, ripe fruits are increasingly available in shops and markets.The melon pear does well as solitary as a patio plant and bedding plant. The plant thrives in tubs or pots from 30 to 50 cm wide in a sunny location. It is a perennial, perennial, but then you have them in a frost-free place overwinter.

Bountiful harvest
CAREThe plants get into the regular season like extra fertilizer so many good fruits to form. It is important to choose a fertilizer with low nitrogen content. Too much nitrogen creates a lush leaf growth at the expense of fruiting. Regular but moderate watering are recommended. Just like tomatoes, you may also apply to pepino leaf harvest from mid-September. This allows more sunlight to get the fruit to ripen making them better. After harvesting the fruits ripen even further. Propagation of pepino is quite adept at cutting, also from seeds (1 seed = 3 mm) is possible. There are seed stand and seedless varieties. A plant can be propagated from cuttings after four months as a flower producing plant grown from seed will bloom months later.